Methodology
Most childcare cost sites round to the nearest plausible number and stop there. We try not to. Every figure on DaycareCalc points back to a specific authority — federal agency, state plan document, or government statistics release. If you want to check the number yourself, the source is named.
This page lays out what powers each kind of number, how often we refresh it, what we will and won't claim, and how to flag something we got wrong.
Average daycare and childcare costs
State-level and city-level cost averages are built from two primary sources. The first is the federal Administration for Children & Families (ACF), which publishes provider price surveys through its Office of Child Care. The second is the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) — the CPI childcare subindex and the Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics series. We use BLS to cross-check the year-over-year change in costs at the metro level.
Where state market-rate surveys are available (most states publish one every three years as part of their CCDF plan), we use the state's own published median. Where they aren't, we triangulate from BLS metro data and county-level provider databases.
Numbers are rounded to the nearest $10/month. We're not pretending to know that infant care in your county costs $1,237 and not $1,230.
Subsidy and assistance program eligibility
Eligibility thresholds for federal and state assistance programs come straight from the agencies that run them. We don't approximate — these are policy numbers and they're either right or they're wrong.
- Federal Poverty Guidelines (FPL): HHS, updated each January. Most subsidy programs use a percentage of FPL (e.g., 200% FPL, 185% FPL).
- CCDF (Child Care and Development Fund) subsidies: State-by-state income thresholds, copay schedules, and eligibility rules from each state's CCDF Plan filed with HHS ACF. Plans run on a three-year cycle.
- WIC eligibility: USDA Food and Nutrition Service. Income limit is 185% of the federal poverty level for the household.
- Head Start and Early Head Start: HHS Office of Head Start. Income at or below the federal poverty guideline qualifies; some categorical eligibility rules apply.
- Child and Dependent Care Tax Credit: IRS Publication 503 (current tax year). We use the current-year limits ($3,000 for one qualifying person, $6,000 for two or more) and the income-based credit percentage.
- State child tax credits and dependent care credits: Each state revenue department's published instructions for the relevant tax year.
State CCDF data (verified per-state policy)
Most childcare-subsidy sites stop at the federal CCDF ceiling — 85% of state median income, which every state agreed to in its CCDF plan. That number is almost never the threshold a family actually faces. States set their own eligibility line, usually well below the federal cap, and they each pick a different rule. North Carolina uses 200% of the federal poverty level for kids under 6 and 133% for school-age. Massachusetts uses 50% SMI with a waitlist up to 85%. California uses 85% SMI but prioritizes CalWORKs participants.
So we read each state's policy manual and store the actual threshold, not the ceiling. Every state figure carries the source URL it came from and the last date we verified it. If a state hasn't been verified yet, we show that honestly instead of falling back to the federal estimate.
Verified states (as of June 2026)
- North Carolina — SCCA program, administered by the NC DHHS Division of Child Development and Early Education (DCDEE). Application threshold: 200% FPL for children ages 0–5 and for all special-needs cases; 133% FPL for ages 6–12. Parent fee: flat 10% of gross monthly income (waived for CPS / CWS / foster care). Source: NC SCCA Policy Manual, Chapter 7 (revised November 2025) and Chapter 8 (revised April 2026). Re-checked annually.
- Missouri — Child Care Subsidy Program, administered by the Missouri Department of Elementary and Secondary Education (DESE), Office of Childhood. Application threshold: 150% FPL for full subsidy. Families up to 242% FPL still qualify via three Transitional Child Care levels (TCC1: 151–185%; TCC2: 186–215%; TCC3: 216–242%). Parent fee: flat daily fee per tier ($7.50 / $8.75 / $10.00 full day for TCC1/TCC2/TCC3) — not a sliding scale within a tier. Source: Missouri DESE Child Care Subsidy Manual §2010.045.00 and DESE Rates and Sliding Fees (income limits and fee chart effective November 2025). Re-checked annually. Note: lead agency moved from Missouri DSS Family Support Division to DESE Office of Childhood in 2024.
- Arkansas — School Readiness Assistance (SRA) Program, administered by the Arkansas Department of Education (ADE), Division of Elementary and Secondary Education, Office of Early Childhood (OEC). Application threshold: 85% State Median Income (SMI) base eligibility, up to 100% SMI for waiver groups (TANF / foster care / CPS categorical). Parent fee: tiered daily copay by % SMI band (≤40% / 40-60% / 60-85%) and child age band (infant, toddler, preschool, school age) — ≤40% SMI pays $0 for infants/toddlers/preschoolers. Source: AR OEC SMI Monthly Income Chart and AR OEC Sliding Fee Scale Chart (both OEC 09.16.2025, effective October 1, 2025). Re-checked annually. Note: program was renamed (formerly CCAP) and lead agency moved from Arkansas DHS to ADE/OEC effective October 1, 2025.
- Alaska — Child Care Assistance Program (CCAP) / Parents Achieving Self Sufficiency (PASS), administered by the Alaska Department of Health, Division of Public Assistance, Child Care Program Office (CCPO). Application threshold: 85% Alaska State Median Income (per the FY 2025-2027 State CCDF Plan; family of 3 = $6,192/mo, family of 4 = $7,372/mo). Family contribution: smooth sliding scale from 1% to 9% of gross monthly income by % SMI band. Source: ACF Office of Child Care — CCDF Family Income Eligibility Levels by State (January 2025) for the threshold; Alaska CCPO Family Income and Contribution Schedule (revised August 2018, still active per the current Alaska Department of Health forms index) for the contribution structure. Re-checked annually. Note: SB 95 has been enacted to raise the initial eligibility to 105% SMI effective January 2026, pending federal approval of the state plan amendment.
- Ohio — Publicly Funded Child Care (PFCC), administered by the Ohio Department of Children and Youth (DCY). Application threshold: 145% FPL for new applicants (PFCC Initial Intake); transitional / special-needs eligibility up to 150% FPL; ongoing eligibility for families already enrolled may continue up to 300% FPL with a sliding weekly copay. Family copay: $0/wk for families ≤100% FPL, scaling on the DCY weekly copayment desk aid; capped at 7% of household income by August 2026 per Ohio HB33. Source: Ohio DCY Procedure Letter 21 (revised September 11, 2025, effective October 1, 2025). Re-checked annually. Note: CCDF administration in Ohio moved from the Department of Job and Family Services (ODJFS) to the new Department of Children and Youth (DCY) in 2023.
California is the fifth state in the phase-2 GSC queue. We're deferring it for separate scoping — California's CCDF runs as four overlapping programs (CalWORKs Stage 1, Stage 2, Stage 3, and the Alternative Payment Program), and each has its own income test and priority rules. Treating it as a single "% SMI" or "% FPL" state would understate the complexity. We'll come back to it.
How we picked the pilot
NC ranked at position 4.7 in Google for "north carolina child care subsidy income limits 2026" with 11 impressions over the last 90 days — the highest single-query impressions for any state-specific CCDF query on the site, and the strongest ranking position. That made NC the right pilot: clearest signal of search intent, best existing rank, infrastructure already wired (state agency link in the checker). Better to prove the pattern on the page Google already trusts than to start on a state that hasn't surfaced yet.
Top five states by CCDF subsidy-intent impressions over the same window (the phase-2 queue):
- Missouri — 39 impressions, 12 unique queries
- Arkansas — 25 impressions, 10 unique queries
- Alaska — 21 impressions, 8 unique queries
- Ohio — 19 impressions, 9 unique queries
- California — 15 impressions, 7 unique queries
Query filter: any query containing the state name plus a CCDF/childcare-assistance phrase (child care subsidy, daycare voucher, CCDF, CCAP, child care assistance income limits, alternative payment program). WIC, Section 8, school meal vouchers, and TANF cash-assistance queries were excluded as a separate intent. Window: 90 days ending three days before the analysis run.
Refresh cadence for state CCDF
Annually at minimum — usually in Q4, when most states publish their next fiscal year's policy. We also watch for off-cycle revisions: NC's parent-fee chapter was revised in April 2026, mid-cycle, and we caught the change within a week. If a state publishes a new CCDF state plan (the three-year filing with HHS ACF), we re-read it.
Local data and ZIP-level numbers
ZIP-level demographic data — median household income, family size distributions, commute patterns — comes from the U.S. Census Bureau's American Community Survey (ACS) 5-year estimates. We use the most recent release available.
County-level provider counts and licensing status come from each state's child care licensing database (usually a Department of Social Services, Department of Human Services, or Department of Children and Families, depending on the state).
How often we refresh
- Federal poverty guidelines: every January, within a week of the HHS release.
- State CCDF subsidy thresholds: when the state amends its plan or publishes a new income chart (most states update annually).
- WIC and Head Start: annually, when the new guidelines drop.
- IRS tax credit numbers: each tax year, after the IRS publishes the updated Pub. 503.
- Cost averages: at least annually. State market-rate surveys update on their own three-year cycle, so a state's median may lag behind reality.
Pages carry a "last updated" date when the underlying data was last refreshed.
What we don't claim
Every output on this site is a rounded estimate. It's a starting point for budgeting, not a quote, not a guarantee, and not advice.
We don't claim to know what the daycare on your block charges. We can't see your specific situation, your custody arrangement, your employer's dependent care FSA rules, or what your state will decide about your application. For decisions that depend on those things, talk to a person who can: a state subsidy caseworker, a tax preparer, a financial planner, or an attorney.
DaycareCalc is not legal advice, not tax advice, and not a substitute for working with a credentialed advisor when one matters.
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Tell us. Email hello@daycarecalc.com with the page URL and what you think the number should be. If you have a source, paste it in. We'd rather be corrected than confidently wrong.
Built in Sacramento, CA. This methodology page last updated June 2026.